Quercus calliprinos  

A tall shrub or evergreen tree with stiff dark green leaves. The mature leaves are 4 cm long, glabrous on both sides with dentate margins. The leaf arrangement along the stem is alternate. This characteristic makes it easy to distinguish it from Phillyrea latifolia (Broad-Leaved Phillyrea) shrubs, even in the absence of fruits. The bark of the branches is light gray and the bark of the trunks is dark and grooved. It usually appears as a tall bush, but after proper pruning it grows into a tall tree with an erect trunk and a round crown. Several groups of such impressive trees are known, which reach a height of 8 meters, for example around the sinkhole near Kibbutz Sasa. Flowering occurs during March-April, upon sprouting. The male flowers are arranged in groups of limp catkins which disperse their pollen in the wind. The female flowers are tiny and appear singly or in pairs on small branches in the axil of the sprouting leaves. A year later the acorns become ball-shaped with a diameter of 2-3 mm. They are gray, similarly to the bark of the branches. They ripen in the autumn six month later into small acorns that sit within deep light green cupules. Less than half of the acorn protrudes out of the cupule. The Kermes Oak is an important component of the Mediterranean Maqui in the mountains of the Galilee, the Carmel, Samaria and Judea. It has an east Mediterranean distribution.

The Oak is mentioned numerous times in Jewish sources and in many contexts.
There is reasonable ground to assume that the intention is the oak tree of today: The Talmud lists the oak among the ten species of cedars and specifies: oaks with acorns.
The prophets used it as a metaphor for power and might: "And it will be against all the cedars of Lebanon that are lofty and lifted up, against all the oaks of Bashan" (Isaiah 2: 13). The prophets Amos, Zechariah, Ezekiel, etc. also mention the oak in their prophecies.
The oak tree was used for carving statues and as a place for idol worship. We also know that Rebecca's nurse Deborah was buried under an oak (Genesis 35: 8).
The oak branches were carved for use between the trees of the alter arrangement (Tosefta, Minhot 9: 13). Some explain this as follows: Because it does not burn nicely and some explain it because of "settlement of the land" (Sifra Leviticus 86: 3).
In the Talmud there is reference to the numerous galls found on oak trees (especially on the Mount Tabor Oak and the Boissier Oak) which were put to economic use in the leather processing industry and as an additive to ink.